Ukuqiniswa kwakutshanje kokuhlolwa kokuthobela imithetho kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu kwiimarike zase-US nase-EU kudale imingeni emitsha kubathumeli bamazwe baseTshayina. Uphuhliso oluphawulekayo luquka ukwandiswa kovavanyo lwe-EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) kunye nokwandiswa kwerhafu yeCandelo 301 yi-US, okushiya iinkampani ezininzi zorhwebo lwangaphandle ezincinci neziphakathi zikwimeko "yokuxhalaba kokuthobela imithetho."
Ukwandiswa kweCBAM Kunyusa Iindleko Zokuthunyelwa Kwemveliso Kumanye Amazwe
I-EU ingene kwisigaba sotshintsho se-CBAM ngo-Okthobha ka-2023, ekuqaleni ijolise kumashishini afana nentsimbi, i-aluminium, kunye nesamente. Ukusukela ngo-2024, umda uye wanda kancinci kancinci ukuze ubandakanye iimveliso ezisezantsi ezifana nombane kunye neplastiki. Oku kuthetha ukuba abavelisi abathumela ngaphandle kwi-EU akufuneki babale kuphela umlinganiselo wekhabhoni kwiimveliso zabo kodwa bathwale neendleko ezongezelelweyo zengxelo yekhabhoni. Ezinye iinkampani zibika ukuba ukubalwa kwekhabhoni kongeza malunga ne-3-5% nge-odolo nganye, umthwalo omkhulu kumashishini anemisebenzi emincinci, enezigaba ezininzi.
Umgaqo-nkqubo weRhafu wase-US ongaqinisekanga uphakamisa iingozi zokuthunyelwa kwempahla yabathengi kwamanye amazwe
Ummeli wezoRhwebo wase-US (USTR) okwangoku uphonononga ukuba angayandisa na irhafu yeCandelo 301 kwiimpahla zaseTshayina, egubungela iindidi zabathengi ezifana nezixhobo ze-elektroniki, ifenitshala, kunye nempahla yamalaphu. Nangona kungekho sigqibo sokugqibela sibhengeziweyo, ukungaqiniseki kwerhafu yexesha elifutshane sele kukhokelele abanye abathengi baseMelika ukuba balibazise ii-odolo okanye bacele ababoneleli baseTshayina ukuba babelane ngeendleko zerhafu ezinokubakho. Omnye umthengisi wangaphandle uthe, “Abathengi baqala ukucela iindlela ezimbini zamaxabiso: kunye nerhafu kunye nerhafu. Iingxoxo ngokucacileyo zithatha ixesha elide.”
IiMarike Ezisakhulayo Zilandela Imiqobo Yorhwebo
Ziphenjelelwa yimigaqo-nkqubo ye-EU ne-US, iimarike ezisakhulayo ezifana neMexico neTurkey nazo ziqinisa uhlolo lwemvelaphi kunye nemigangatho yokusingqongileyo yokungeniswa kwemveliso kwamanye amazwe. IMexico isandula ukuqinisa uphando oluchasene nokulahla inkunkuma kwiimveliso ezivela kwamanye amazwe zaseAsia, ngakumbi ezijolise kwintsimbi kunye neeseramikhi. ITurkey iceba ukuqalisa inkqubo yokubhala ilebheli ethi "green declaration" yesitayile se-EU kulo nyaka. Olu tshintsho lunyanzela abanye abathumeli ngaphandle ukuba bahlengahlengise imixokelelwane yokubonelela okanye batshintshele amandla athile emveliso kuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia okanye eMpuma Yurophu.
Icebo Lokuphendula: Ukwakha Amandla Okuthobela Umthetho Njengokhuphiswano Oluphambili
Njengoko imiqobo yorhwebo lwehlabathi ikhula, abathumeli ngaphandle kufuneka baqinise iindawo ezintathu ezibalulekileyo:
- Ulawulo lweDatha yeKhabhoni – Misela inkqubo yokulandelela umkhondo wekhabhoni yemveliso kwaye ulandele iziqinisekiso eziluhlaza ezivunyiweyo kwihlabathi liphela (umz., i-EPD).
- Ukwahlukahlukana kweCandelo loNikezelo – Vavanya ukuba kunokwenzeka na ukuseta iindawo zokugcina impahla zaphesheya okanye imveliso yentsebenziswano kwimimandla efana ne-Southeast Asia okanye iMexico ukunciphisa iingozi zemarike enye.
- Ulwazi lokuCwangcisa iiRhafu – Sebenzisa iMithetho yeMvelaphi phantsi kwezivumelwano zorhwebo olukhululekileyo (umz., i-RCEP) kwaye uphucule indlela yokuhlelwa kweemveliso kunye namaqhinga okubeka amaxabiso.
Isiphelo
Imeko yorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe iyatshintsha ukusuka “kukhuphiswano lwamaxabiso” ukuya “kukhuphiswano lokuthobela imithetho.” Kuphela kukuziqhelanisa notshintsho olucwangcisiweyo kuphela apho iinkampani zinokugcina isikhundla sazo phakathi kohlengahlengiso lwenkqubo yokubonelela ngempahla kwihlabathi liphela. Iindlela zomgaqo-nkqubo ziya kuhlala ziyinto ebalulekileyo echaphazela ii-odolo zokuthumela ngaphandle kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezizayo.
Ixesha leposi: Jan-23-2026